Species associated with the outer layers of decaying trunk and branches.
Standing dead trunks provide vertical sunny surfaces which are favoured by certain solitary wasps for nest sites, using the exit holes of boring beetles such as the woodworm family (Anobiidae) and longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), and other types of existing cavity. Generally these burrows relate more to the outer dead sapwood although some may penetrate deeper into the heartwood below.